OpenStreetMap

Landuse

Posted by Harry Wood on 14 August 2009 in English. Last updated on 28 April 2021.

I've been pondering landuse again.

Some people seemed to be confused by using the tag landuse=farm for mapping farms fields AKA farmland AKA farms! A field is part of a farm is it not? The confusion seems to come when people see the farmyard tag. So let me help you out here:

[UPDATE: This is a very old 2009 diary entry. Some of these issue have now been clarified in the documentation. In particular landuse=farm has since been documented as clearly the wrong tag to use]

...

To be fair though, this does leave some unanswered questions. There are many awkward questions about mapping landuse, which haven't really been answered with any kind of guidelines as far as I'm aware.

What is the ideal end-goal for landuse mapping? Are we aiming to map out landuse everywhere? So here in temperate European climes this logically means we'll be mapping a whole lot of farms. Do we really want to use the landuse=farm tag to cover all of the farmland which makes up most of the land area of our countries? Do we want to map this as many little areas e.g. around each farmer's land, or some kind of all encompassing big area punctuated by cities which will sit as islands within the sea of farm land? What about mapping desert surrounding cities like Las Vegas? Currently there are some patches of desert tagged, where it useful to illustrate these appearing between suburban/outlying areas of housing, but eventually the cities gives way to whole Nevada desert. How to map that?

And how much detail should we go to when thinking about landuse? This is a question for the countryside (Do we want to draw areas around individual farms, or individual fields?) but also for the city (Do we want to delineate exact borders around landuse=retail? If there's a shop in the middle of a residential area, should we do a little pink retail area for that? Over the top? What about if there's five shops? )

A question for the renderers: If we go ahead and fill in landuse=farm for large areas of our countryside, how should this look on the map? There's some good (or bad) progress mapping landuse=farm around Wakefield, so here's the question. Should the whole map of England be turning bright green or brown or something different?

All these areas can create lot of troublesome data mess. The areas are fiddly to work with in editors, especially in the city where there's all sorts of other way-node clutter in the mix. When we look at the nitty-gritty data details, what is the recommendation for landuse areas? Do we draw the areas sharing nodes with roads? (way segments on top of each other. eugh! I'm not a fan of this approach myself) or draw in parallel? in which case, how close should these parallel way segments be drawn? And what about where two landuse areas meet each other with no road between. Share nodes then? Should footpaths going into parks include a connecting node with the area of the park? Or should we try to separate out all landuse data from other types of data? And how should little areas interact with building outlines? How can editors be improved to make this easier?

Lots of questions, but in my OSMing experience, it's always better to just get on a map stuff. It's better because it helps you to gain a practical understanding of mapping problems, and realise that some problems don't matter as much as you might think. It's also better to work on real problems rather than theoretical problems. For example the farm rendering question is a real question when you look at Wakefield, because somebody went ahead and mapped the farms!

So enough of this pondering. I'm going to try and do more landuse mapping, starting with some pink landuse=retail along Oxford Street (finally, after three years, that funny patch of landuse in Marylebone sticks out a bit less)

Discussion

Comment from flohoff on 14 August 2009 at 10:59

I think i have seen some landuse=meadow in the back - ah - and barrier=fence on the way too.

Comment from Igor Shubovych on 14 August 2009 at 11:28

Great photo! Very clean for me.

What about making series of photos explaining all Map Features.

Comment from Harry Wood on 14 August 2009 at 13:45

Yes it's good to have nice illustrative photos on tag documentation wiki pages. I think it helps a lot even in cases where the meanings should be obvious. I've been doing a bit of this using photos from my own collection/mapping (as in this case) I've also occasionally gone on a little wikimedia commons hunt for nice pictures e.g. backery and garden centre. Lots more work to do on this, and on sorting out tag docs in general. Speaking of which...

@flohoff... landuse=meadow or natural=meadow? It's not as clear as it should be

Comment from lyx on 14 August 2009 at 20:57

Early this year the bavarian authorities released high resolution aerial photos for a trial period of three months, and by the end of that time quite a lot of landuse has been mapped. Doesn't look to bad IMHO; check for yourself at e.g. http://osm.org/go/0JWhIsy--
The area on the hill in the back would have been mapped as landuse=grass (one of the josm presets) probably, landuse=farm was used for actual fields.

Comment from fsteggink on 15 August 2009 at 04:02

I was also wondering about how to draw landuse: let ways share nodes or not.

In downtown Quebec I chose for sharing, because it's hard to get parallel lines straight, but it is hard to get the right node. In JOSM it is possible to pull the ways apart by dragging the red cross in the middle between two nodes, so at least you can get to the correct way. However, in Potlatch this was not possible. I just tried to correct a letter to a capital, but couldn't select the street! See here: http://osm.org/go/cKZjkD4iw- How to select Rue des Commissaires Ouest?

On the other hand, it is also hard to get parallel lines straight and even. When you zoom in at lv 18, and ways are not sharing nods, then you'll see a small sliver not covered by landuse. Sometimes even at level 17. See also the south side of Oxford Street. At such detailed level it might make more sense to draw / render roads as areas.

An important question is also what would be the most obvious for the majority of users. I think that will actually be not sharing nodes. At least it will be much easier to edit.

Some other questions: should "islands" in landuse be cut out, or could you just draw on top of it? So far I've seen that smaller areas are always rendered on top, so they're always visible. And when should you split up a landuse area? In Quebec I have a few very large residential areas, but what size would make sense?

Comment from Minh Nguyen on 15 August 2009 at 06:11

The U.S. state of Georgia is landuse taken to the extreme. They’ve also imported address interpolation lines throughout. If I ever have to map there using Potlatch, I’ll have to zoom in all the way or my poor Internet connection will fall over.

I aim to map individual farms in my area, but if we’re going to do something that specific at a large scale, we should instead consider starting an OpenSatelliteMap project to send a satellite up. :^)

fsteggink, select a node, then press / until the street you want is on top.

Comment from fsteggink on 15 August 2009 at 12:45

Minh, thanks, it's working.

Regarding aerial / satellite images: there is already OpenAerialMap. It contains Landsat data, because this is in the public domain, but there's not really much else. Unfortunately the website doesn't seem to be working right now.

Comment from RogerStenning on 18 September 2009 at 16:00

Hmm... I've got Landsat imagery working in JOSM, but the detail sucks. It's absolutely no good for street-level mapping, mores the pity.

I tried, like fsteggink, to get the OpenAerialMap imagery working, but either it doesn't want to play (I get a red box with "exception occurance" plastered all over the tiles!), or there's no open source data available for London.

Wouldn't surprise me to find it's the latter, as the last I heard only Millennium Mapping, Yahoo, Google, and The Ordnance Survey, had that kind of data available, and none of it open source.

Something for the developing team to ponder at their leisure, I guess ;-)

Comment from Harry Wood on 18 September 2009 at 16:28

OpenAerialMap is offline these days. Hopefully it will come back at some point.

For London we have Yahoo coverage. See the UK yahoo coverage map. Within these areas there's absolutely no reason to be using landsat (much lower resolution)

It's a bit fiddly to set up the yahoo downloader for the WMSPlugin, but worth doing. Certainly all of the building sketching I am talking about here is based on Yahoo imagery not landsat, but basically for any kind of mapping in London you'd be missing out if you didn't set-up the yahoo imagery.

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